Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS) refers to a set of prolonged withdrawal symptoms that occur after the acute detoxification phase. These symptoms can last for weeks, months, or even up to a year, depending on the individual and the substance of dependence. While PAWS is commonly associated with alcohol and opioids, it can occur after the use of many addictive substances.
Symptoms of PAWS
PAWS symptoms are primarily psychological and emotional, though physical symptoms may also occur. They can vary in intensity and duration. Common symptoms include:
- Emotional Symptoms
- Anxiety or panic attacks
- Depression or persistent sadness
- Irritability or mood swings
- Difficulty managing stress
- Cognitive Symptoms
- Poor concentration or focus
- Memory problems
- Confusion or difficulty processing information
- Physical Symptoms
- Fatigue and low energy
- Insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns
- Sensitivity to stressors (e.g., loud noises or bright lights)
- Cravings and Impulse Control
- Strong urges to use substances
- Difficulty resisting triggers
Why Does PAWS Occur?
PAWS arises as the brain and body adjust to functioning without the addictive substance. Long-term substance use disrupts neurotransmitter levels (like dopamine and serotonin), and it can take time for the brain to restore balance.
Factors influencing the severity and duration of PAWS include:
- Length and intensity of substance use
- Individual physical and mental health
- Presence of co-occurring mental health disorders
Managing and Coping with PAWS
While PAWS symptoms can be challenging, a comprehensive recovery plan can help individuals navigate this phase.
- Seek Professional Support
- Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can help address mood swings and cravings.
- Medication: Antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, or sleep aids may be prescribed temporarily.
- Build Healthy Habits
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule to improve energy levels.
- Exercise: Physical activity boosts mood and helps regulate neurotransmitters.
- Follow a balanced diet rich in nutrients to support brain and body healing.
- Engage in Recovery Programs
- Join support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
- Enroll in long-term recovery programs through organizations like Verywell Health for structured guidance.
- Practice Mindfulness and Stress Management
- Engage in mindfulness practices like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing.
- Use stress-relief tools like journaling or creative hobbies.
- Stay Patient and Positive
- Recovery is not linear; setbacks can happen.
- Celebrate small milestones to maintain motivation.
Why a Long-Term Recovery Plan Is Essential
PAWS emphasizes the need for ongoing recovery efforts. Without a plan, the emotional and psychological symptoms can increase the risk of relapse. A tailored recovery strategy provides structure, accountability, and resources to maintain sobriety over time.
If you or someone you know is experiencing PAWS, seeking help from a trusted healthcare provider, therapist, or addiction recovery specialist is a crucial step toward sustained recovery.
